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	Alfred Nobel

	???? ?? (Alfred Nobel, 1833~1896)

Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer, and inventor. Nobel is best-known as an inventor of dynamite and the founder of the Nobel Prize.

Alfred Nobel was born on October 21, 1833 in Stockholm, Sweden. His father was an engineer that started "torpedo" works. Nobel traveled widely when he was young, and lived in many countries around the world, including Sweden, Russia, France, England, Germany and Italy. By the age of 17, he was fluent in five different languages. He studied chemistry in Paris and returned to Sweden in 1859.

In the 1860's, Nobel began experiments with nitroglycerin in his father's factory. He discovered that a mix of nitroglycerin and a fine porous powder was most effective compound to make explosives. He named this mixture "dynamite". It was five times more powerful than ordinary gunpowder. He established his own factory to produce it, and received a patent in 1867. Nobel's dynamite was first used on a large scale to build the St. Gotthard Tunnel in Switzerland in 1882. He became well-known all over the world because of that. Later, he set up factories around the world to produce dynamite and other explosives. Construction companies, mining companies, and the military ordered large quantities of Nobel's dynamite. Sales of dynamite brought Nobel great wealth. Nobel received an honorary doctorate from Uppsala University in Sweden in 1893.

Although he worked for the majority of his life developing explosives, Nobel was a pacifist. He stated in his last will that he wanted about 94 percent of his wealth to be used to fund awards in the study of Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Physiology or Medicine, and Peace. He said that the awards should be given to those who have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind.
Alfred Nobel passed away on December 10, 1896. The first Nobel prizes for the people who work for mankind were made in 1901 on the 5th anniversary of Nobel's death.


	1. What is Nobel best-known for? 2. How powerful was the 밺ynamite�? 3. What did he want 94 percent of his wealth to be used?


	1. Describe his life in your own words. 2. How was his explosives contributed to the society? 3. If you were Nobel, what kind of explosives would you like to develop?

Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer, and inventor.
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Nobel is best known / as an inventor of dynamite / and the founder of the Nobel
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Prize.

Alfred Nobel was born / on October 21, 1833 / in Stockholm, Sweden.
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His father was an engineer / that started a "torpedo" works.
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Nobel traveled widely / when he was young, / and lived / in many countries / around
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the world, / including Sweden, Russia, France, England, Germany and Italy.
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By the age of 17, / he was fluent / in five different languages.
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He studied / chemistry / in Paris / and returned / to Sweden / in 1859.
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In the 1860's, / Nobel began experiments / with nitroglycerin / in his father's factory.
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He discovered / that a mix of / nitroglycerin and a fine porous powder / was most
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effective compound / to make explosives.
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He named / this mixture "dynamite".
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It was five times more powerful / than ordinary gunpowder.
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He established / his own factory / to produce it, / and received / a patent / in 1867.
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Nobel's dynamite was first used / on a large scale / to build the St. Gotthard Tunnel /
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in Switzerland / in 1882.
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He became well-known / all over the world / because of that.
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Later, / he set up / factories / around the world / to produce / dynamite and other
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explosives.

Construction companies, / mining companies, / and the military ordered / large
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quantities of Nobel's dynamite.
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Sales of dynamite brought / Nobel great wealth.
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Nobel received / an honorary doctorate / from Uppsala University / in Sweden /
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in 1893.
1893??.

Although he worked / for the majority of his life / developing explosives, / Nobel
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was a pacifist.
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He stated / in his last will / that he wanted / about 94 percent of his wealth / to be
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used / to fund awards / in the study of / Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Physiology
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or Medicine, and Peace.
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He said / that the awards / should be given / to those / who have conferred /
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the greatest benefit / on mankind.
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Alfred Nobel passed away / on December 10, 1896.
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The first Nobel prizes / for the people who work for mankind / were made /
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in 1901 / on the 5th anniversary of Nobel's death.
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